Category
Topic
Year
A historiographic outline of the history of Estonian journalism
Keywords: history of Estonian journalism, historiography
The article provides a historiographic survey of studying and recording the history of Estonian journalism from the first review article published in 1901 to this day. The history can be divided into three periods. The first period lasted from the beginning of the 20th century to Soviet occupation. The few studies published addressed 19th-century journalism, which was treated either as an arena of ideological battles or as a subdivision of literature. The second period began in 1955–1956 and lasted until the late 1980s. The studies of that period can be divided into three groups: (a) continuation…
The article provides a historiographic survey of studying and recording the history of Estonian journalism from the first review article published in 1901 to this day. The history can be divided into three periods. The first period lasted from the beginning of the 20th century to Soviet occupation. The few studies published addressed 19th-century journalism, which was treated either as an arena of ideological battles or as a subdivision of literature. The second period began in 1955–1956 and lasted until the late 1980s. The studies of that period can be divided into three groups: (a) continuation…
Place names on the 17th–19th century Estonian grave markers
Keywords: epitaphs, Estonian language history, place names
The oldest survived stone crosses commemorating Estonians date back to the late 16th century. Many of these Maltese and wheel crosses are rather rich, giving evidence of a rise of the self-awareness and social position of the wealthier Estonians. As many of the stonemasons were Estonians, too, it can be assumed that a number of the epitaphs have been engraved by a native Estonian. As survived records written by an Estonian hand are few, those old stone crosses are certainly a valuable source of written Estonian.
The article analyses the place names engraved on the…
The oldest survived stone crosses commemorating Estonians date back to the late 16th century. Many of these Maltese and wheel crosses are rather rich, giving evidence of a rise of the self-awareness and social position of the wealthier Estonians. As many of the stonemasons were Estonians, too, it can be assumed that a number of the epitaphs have been engraved by a native Estonian. As survived records written by an Estonian hand are few, those old stone crosses are certainly a valuable source of written Estonian.
The article analyses the place names engraved on the…
A neopagan Old Pagan
Keywords: August Kitzberg, Estonian mythology, historical novel, hybridity, intertextuality, neopaganism, Jean-Jacques Rousseau
The Estonian historical novel dates back to the 1880s. One the first such novels was August Kitzberg’s Maimu (1892) depicting the relations between local people and the Livonian order in the 14th century. Maimu was extremely popular and has been abundantly reprinted. However, literary scholars have always been reluctant to admit its merits because of its hybrid form and historical anachronisms. Meanwhile they have noticed its religious commitment and a critical attitude towards Christianity.
Drawing from some recent researches, this paper argues that hybridity (Ann Rigney) and the palimpsest paradigm (Tom Bragg) have been essential…
The Estonian historical novel dates back to the 1880s. One the first such novels was August Kitzberg’s Maimu (1892) depicting the relations between local people and the Livonian order in the 14th century. Maimu was extremely popular and has been abundantly reprinted. However, literary scholars have always been reluctant to admit its merits because of its hybrid form and historical anachronisms. Meanwhile they have noticed its religious commitment and a critical attitude towards Christianity.
Drawing from some recent researches, this paper argues that hybridity (Ann Rigney) and the palimpsest paradigm (Tom Bragg) have been essential…
Two groundbreakers, two teachers
Keywords: consistent Estonian journalism, Perno Postimees, Eesti Postimees, academic journalism training at the University of Tartu, the role of Estonian-medium journalism, Estonian cultural history
May 16, 2019 is the 200th anniversary of Johann Voldemar Jannsen and May 19, 2019 is the centenary of the birth of Juhan Peegel. In June 1857 Jannsen started as editor of the weekly Perno Postimees, thus laying the foundation of consistent Estonian journalism. A hundred years later, in June 1957 the first students who had been trained as journalists graduated from the University of Tartu. The initiative for introducing such training to students of Estonian Philology (preparing them for work…
May 16, 2019 is the 200th anniversary of Johann Voldemar Jannsen and May 19, 2019 is the centenary of the birth of Juhan Peegel. In June 1857 Jannsen started as editor of the weekly Perno Postimees, thus laying the foundation of consistent Estonian journalism. A hundred years later, in June 1957 the first students who had been trained as journalists graduated from the University of Tartu. The initiative for introducing such training to students of Estonian Philology (preparing them for work…
Depiction of the sea in Mari Saat’s novel Lasnamäe lunastaja (“The Redeemer of Lasnamäe”)
Keywords: contemporary Estonian literature, intertextuality, minorities in literature, the sea in literature, Russians in Estonia
This article focuses on the descriptions of the sea in Mari Saat’s short novel Lasnamäe lunastaja (“The Redeemer of Lasnamäe”) (2008). In this work, descriptions of the sea are frequently connected with the portrayal of the protagonist Natalja Filippovna, her emotions and experiences of the past, present and future. The sea and the varying maritime views also represent limits between different places and spaces.
The most central places of Lasnamäe lunastaja are the suburb of Lasnamäe in Tallinn and the coast of Crimea. The main character, a…
This article focuses on the descriptions of the sea in Mari Saat’s short novel Lasnamäe lunastaja (“The Redeemer of Lasnamäe”) (2008). In this work, descriptions of the sea are frequently connected with the portrayal of the protagonist Natalja Filippovna, her emotions and experiences of the past, present and future. The sea and the varying maritime views also represent limits between different places and spaces.
The most central places of Lasnamäe lunastaja are the suburb of Lasnamäe in Tallinn and the coast of Crimea. The main character, a…
An etymology accomplished: kasima and kasin
Keywords: Estonian, Finnic languages, Baltic loanwords, lexical history
Although Julius Mägiste in his ”Estnisches etymologisches Wörtebuch” has pointed out the Estonian word family of kasima as well as its Livonian and Votic counterparts as possible Baltic loans, he fails to mention the source word. This article accomplishes the etymology by suggesting *kās– as the possible Baltic etymon, some derived terms being, e.g. Lithuanian kóšti (kóšia, kóšė) ‘to strain a liquid (e.g. milk) for purification, to pass fermented ale through a strainer to prevent sediment from getting into the barrel etc.’ and Latvian kãst, kàst (kāš, kāsa) ‘to strain a liquid for…
Although Julius Mägiste in his ”Estnisches etymologisches Wörtebuch” has pointed out the Estonian word family of kasima as well as its Livonian and Votic counterparts as possible Baltic loans, he fails to mention the source word. This article accomplishes the etymology by suggesting *kās– as the possible Baltic etymon, some derived terms being, e.g. Lithuanian kóšti (kóšia, kóšė) ‘to strain a liquid (e.g. milk) for purification, to pass fermented ale through a strainer to prevent sediment from getting into the barrel etc.’ and Latvian kãst, kàst (kāš, kāsa) ‘to strain a liquid for…
Estonian adolescent speech II
Keywords: Estonian vowels, formant frequencies, vowel trajectory length, vowel space area, age, gender-related variations
The paper reports the results of an exploratory study on the acoustic characteristics of vowels depending on the subject’s age and gender. The research material consists of a subset of read speech samples derived from the Estonian Adolescent Speech Corpus: 21 utterances per subject produced by 173 girls and 132 boys in the age range of 10 to 18 years.
The results show that both the formant frequencies and the vowel space area decrease gradually from 10 to 15 years in both gender groups and the quality of…
The paper reports the results of an exploratory study on the acoustic characteristics of vowels depending on the subject’s age and gender. The research material consists of a subset of read speech samples derived from the Estonian Adolescent Speech Corpus: 21 utterances per subject produced by 173 girls and 132 boys in the age range of 10 to 18 years.
The results show that both the formant frequencies and the vowel space area decrease gradually from 10 to 15 years in both gender groups and the quality of…
Estonian sacred natural sites in oral and literary culture on the example of the Estonian epic Kalevipoeg
Keywords: nationalism, landscapes, site heritage, Estonian National Awakening, semiotics of culture, cultural typology
The article demonstrates differences between the symbolic landscapes of an oral vernacular culture and a literate culture, drawing on examples of perceiving and depicting sacred natural sites in Estonia. Vernacular oral culture and written national culture are considered as subsystems of a wider cultural system, following Yuri Lotman. In the literate Estonian culture from the 19th century onward, references to oak groves dominate as a typical image of ancient Estonian sacred sites. The symbol of the sacred oak grove is literary in origin, deriving from European examples of…
The article demonstrates differences between the symbolic landscapes of an oral vernacular culture and a literate culture, drawing on examples of perceiving and depicting sacred natural sites in Estonia. Vernacular oral culture and written national culture are considered as subsystems of a wider cultural system, following Yuri Lotman. In the literate Estonian culture from the 19th century onward, references to oak groves dominate as a typical image of ancient Estonian sacred sites. The symbol of the sacred oak grove is literary in origin, deriving from European examples of…
Patterns of the Estonian sonnet from 1881–2015
Patterns of the Estonian sonnet from 1881–2015: Frequency, metre, rhyme schemes, authors
Keywords: sonnet, Estonian poetry, metre, rhyme schemes
The article reports an attempt of multi-aspect analysis of the Estonian sonnet from its emergence in 1881 to 2015 (incl.). The research material covers all 4551 sonnets published in the Estonian language space. Diachronic analysis shows that despite the ever increasing number of sonnets their proportion in published poetry has decreased to the extent of becoming marginal by the 21st century. The metre of the Estonian sonnet is varied. Similarly to Germanic languages, a traditional Estonian sonnet uses iambic pentameter, yet this applies only…
Keywords: sonnet, Estonian poetry, metre, rhyme schemes
The article reports an attempt of multi-aspect analysis of the Estonian sonnet from its emergence in 1881 to 2015 (incl.). The research material covers all 4551 sonnets published in the Estonian language space. Diachronic analysis shows that despite the ever increasing number of sonnets their proportion in published poetry has decreased to the extent of becoming marginal by the 21st century. The metre of the Estonian sonnet is varied. Similarly to Germanic languages, a traditional Estonian sonnet uses iambic pentameter, yet this applies only…
Olev Jõgi as translation critic
Keywords: translation methods, totalitarian discourse of translation, literal translation, implicit translation poetics, translation canon
Requirements presented to the translators of literary classics by literary critic, literary scholar, translator and journalist Olev Jõgi in the early post-Stalinist period are discussed. This was when a massive lot of fiction as well as scientific, popular scientific, academic and other literature was translated from Russian into Estonian, but often the quality of translation left to be desired. The article is focused on the unpublished paper presented by Olev Jõgi at the translation section of the Estonian SSR Writers’ Union in February 1954. The paper represents…
Requirements presented to the translators of literary classics by literary critic, literary scholar, translator and journalist Olev Jõgi in the early post-Stalinist period are discussed. This was when a massive lot of fiction as well as scientific, popular scientific, academic and other literature was translated from Russian into Estonian, but often the quality of translation left to be desired. The article is focused on the unpublished paper presented by Olev Jõgi at the translation section of the Estonian SSR Writers’ Union in February 1954. The paper represents…
Semantic classification of Estonian verbs
Keywords: verb, semantics, polysemy, construction, categorisation, linguistic methods
In this paper, the methodology of verb classification is addressed. The main aim is to provide an overview of the possible ways verbs and sentence patterns could be analysed for the purpose of verb classification, and to reveal the possible shortcomings of different methods and problems of verb classification in general. For that purpose, the rare verb classifications available for the languages of the world (mainly English) are introduced focusing on the methodological aspect. In addition, an overview is given of the treatment of verbs as belonging to several semantic classes in Estonian…
In this paper, the methodology of verb classification is addressed. The main aim is to provide an overview of the possible ways verbs and sentence patterns could be analysed for the purpose of verb classification, and to reveal the possible shortcomings of different methods and problems of verb classification in general. For that purpose, the rare verb classifications available for the languages of the world (mainly English) are introduced focusing on the methodological aspect. In addition, an overview is given of the treatment of verbs as belonging to several semantic classes in Estonian…
Departure of the Seto God Peko
Keywords: Peko, Setomaa, popular Orthodox Christianity, popular religion, fertility god
The cult of the Seto pre-Christian fertility God Peko has attracted research attention both from descriptive (Eisen 1909; 1936) and analytical aspects (Ränk 1933; Hagu 1975, 1997; Västrik 2017), the latter concentrating upon its geographical distributon and context among Finno-Ugric and Finnic deities. This article, based mainly on information collected in Setomaa since the 1990s, sheds light upon its latest phase of retreat and disappearance. The cult of Peko survived the longest in the small district of Mokornulk west of Obinitsa church village, historically extreme periphery of the Orthodox Pskov Government…
The cult of the Seto pre-Christian fertility God Peko has attracted research attention both from descriptive (Eisen 1909; 1936) and analytical aspects (Ränk 1933; Hagu 1975, 1997; Västrik 2017), the latter concentrating upon its geographical distributon and context among Finno-Ugric and Finnic deities. This article, based mainly on information collected in Setomaa since the 1990s, sheds light upon its latest phase of retreat and disappearance. The cult of Peko survived the longest in the small district of Mokornulk west of Obinitsa church village, historically extreme periphery of the Orthodox Pskov Government…
Reproduction of an everyday practice
Keywords: literary criticism, cultural journalism, current literature, statistical overview
The survey addresses the literary criticism published in 2017 and 2018 in the publications of SA Kultuurileht. For the sake of objectivity, a statistical approach was applied. Out of the 388 reviews, 144 appeared in the cultural weekly Sirp, 87 in the literary magazine Looming, 70 in the cultural magazine Vikerkaar, 38 in the journal Keel ja Kirjandus, 31 in the literary magazine Värske Rõhk and 18 in the cultural monthly Müürileht. Although there is an equal number of texts from male and female critics, only 32 percent of the reviews dealt with works by female authors. Moreover, male critics…
The survey addresses the literary criticism published in 2017 and 2018 in the publications of SA Kultuurileht. For the sake of objectivity, a statistical approach was applied. Out of the 388 reviews, 144 appeared in the cultural weekly Sirp, 87 in the literary magazine Looming, 70 in the cultural magazine Vikerkaar, 38 in the journal Keel ja Kirjandus, 31 in the literary magazine Värske Rõhk and 18 in the cultural monthly Müürileht. Although there is an equal number of texts from male and female critics, only 32 percent of the reviews dealt with works by female authors. Moreover, male critics…